The wave mode that has multiple or varying wave velocities is

The only significant sound wave mode that travels through a liquid is a:

The acoustic impedance of a material is used to determine the

The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related. The thinner the crystal

The random distribution of crystallographic direction in alloys with large crystalline structures is a factor in determining:

The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in sound pressure occur is mostly affected by:

The differences in signals received from identical reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by:

In immersion testing, the near field effects of a transducer may be eliminated by:

In the far field of a uniform ultrasonic beam, sound intensity is _______________ the beam centerline.

Where does beam divergence occur?

As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal:

As the radius of curvature of a curved lens is increased, the focal length of the lens:

The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for aluminum or steel is approximately:

What law can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a metal for both longitudinal and shear waves?

At an interface between two different materials, an impedance difference results in:

In the immersion technique, the distance between the face of the transducer and the test surface (water path) is usually adjusted so that the time required to send the sound beam through the water:

In straight (normal) beam contact testing, a reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude could indicate:

A primary purpose of a reference standard is:

In which zone does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the distance increases?

As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spread:

A set of standard reference blocks with the same geometrical configuration and dimensions other than the size of the calibration reflectors, e.g., flat bottom holes, is called a set of:

The angle at which 90 degrees refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached is called:

Attenuation is a difficult quantity to measure accurately, particularly in solid materials, at the test frequencies normally used. The overall result usually observed includes other loss mechanisms which can include:

Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually result in:

The total energy losses occurring in all materials is called:

The angle at which 90 degrees refraction of a shear wave mode occurs is called the:

For aluminum and steel, the longitudinal velocity is approximately ___________ the shear velocity.

The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters a medium of different velocity than the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interface between the two media is called the angle of:

The process of adjusting an instrument or device to a reference standard is referred to as:

A grouping of a number of crystals in one transducer, with all contact surfaces in the same plane, and vibrating in phase with each other to act as a single transducer is called a:

The angle of reflection is:

A short burst of alternating electrical energy is called

In ultrasonic testing, the time duration of the transmitted pulse is referred to as:

The formula sin θ1 / V1 = sin θ2 / V2 is used to determine

The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity is dependent on:

The formula used to determine the angle of beam divergence of a quartz crystal is:

The greatest amount of attenuation losses take place at:

The test method where the transducer is coupled to the test specimen through a thin layer of couplant is called:

Ultrasonic testing of castings is often not possible because of:

The ability of an ultrasonic test instrument to detect discontinuities is not affected by the surface condition, shape, or metallurgical characteristics of a specimen to be tested.