Attenuation is a difficult quantity to measure accurately, particularly in solid materials, at the test frequencies normally used. The overall result usually observed includes other loss mechanisms which can include:

The vertical linear range of a test instrument may be determined by obtaining ultrasonic responses from

Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually result in:

The total energy losses occurring in all materials is called:

When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the part will be:

The angle at which 90 degrees refraction of the shear wave mode occurs is called the:

For aluminum and steel, the longitudinal velocity is approximately ____________ the shear velocity.

In ultrasonic testing, the time duration of the transmitted pulse is referred to as:

The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a boundary and changes the direction of its propagation within the same medium is referred to as:

The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one medium to another whose velocity differs from that of the first medium is called

Which of the following modes of vibration exhibits the shortest wavelength at a given frequency and in a given material?

In general, shear waves are more sensitive to small discontinuities than longitudinal waves for a given frequency and in a given material because:

In general, which of the following modes of vibration would have the greatest penetrating power in a coarse-grained material if the frequency of the waves are the same?

A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid is referred to as:

The ultrasonic transducers most commonly used for discontinuity testing utilize:

Mechanical and electrical stability, insolubility in liquids, and resistance to aging are three advantages of transducers made of:

The formula sin θ1/V1 = sin θ2/V2 is referred to as

The formula sin θ1/V1 = sin θ2/V2 is used to determine:

The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity is dependent on:

Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest ultrasonic attenuation losses?

Properties of shear or transverse waves used for ultrasonic testing include:

One of the most common applications of ultrasonic tests employing shear waves is for the:

Significant errors in ultrasonic thickness measurement can occur if:

An ultrasonic testing instrument that displays pulses representing the magnitude of reflected ultrasound as a function of time or depth of metal is said to contain:

In a liquid medium, the only mode of vibration that can exist is:

. In an ultrasonic instrument, the number of pulses produced by an instrument in a given period of time is known as the:

Most basic pulse echo ultrasonic instruments use:

Thin sheet may be inspected with the ultrasonic wave directed normal to the surface by observing:

A diagram in which the entire circuit stage or sections are shown by geometric figures and the path of the signal or energy by lines and/or arrows is called a:

A hole produced during the solidification of metal due to escaping gases is called:

A discontinuity that occurs during the casting of molten metal which may be caused by the splashing, surging, interrupted pouring, or the meeting of two streams of metal coming from different directions is called:

The ratio between the wave speed in one material and the wave speed in a second material is called:

The expansion and contraction of a magnetic material under the influence of a changing magnetic field is referred to as:

A quartz crystal cut so that its major faces are parallel to the Z and Y axes and perpendicular to the X axis is called:

The equation describing wavelength in terms of velocity and frequency is:

Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is:

Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound receiver is:

Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions of the crystal and the wavelength of the beam transmitted through a medium, and it:

The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is:

The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is primarily a function of: