The uneven distribution of developed grains within the emulsion of a processed X-ray film causes the subjective impression of:

Of the following, the source providing the most penetrating radiation is:

The focal spot in an X-ray tube:

Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?

The primary form of energy conversion when electrons strike a target in an X-ray tube results in the production of:

The slope of a straight line joining two points of specified densities on a characteristic curve of a film is known as the:

An X-ray film having wide latitude also has, by definition:

An X-ray tube with a small focal spot is considered better than one with a large focal spot when it is desired to obtain:

A voltage selector consisting of an iron core transformer with a single winding having a series of taps at various points on the winding is called:

Filters used at the port of the X-ray tube;

The amount of unsharpness or blurring of a radiograph is:

In general, the quality of the fluoroscopic equipment is best determined by:

The absorption of radiation by a material varies:

The interval between the time a film is placed in a fixer solution and the time when the original diffuse, yellow milkiness disappears is known as:

A qualitative term often used to indicate the size of the smallest detail that can be seen in a radiograph is:

Charged particles passing through matter lose energy primarily because of:

Inherent discontinuities are those found in:

Which of the following discontinuities is not related to the casting process?

In fluoroscopic testing, a fundamental difficulty is the relative low brightness level of the images. One method for increasing brightness utilizes one of the following which converts light energy from the initial phosphor surface to electrons which are accelerated and focused onto a smaller fluorescent screen.

A general rule governing the application of the geometric principles of shadow formation states that the:

Co-60 is reported to have a half-life of 5.3 years. By how much should exposure time be increased (over that used initially to produce excellent radiographs when the Co-60 source was new) when the source is two years old?

The final selection of the voltage to use to radiograph any specimen depends on _________________.

Besides serving as a filter, screens of high atomic numbers, such as lead and lead antimony, also:

The amount of unsharpness or blurring of a radiograph is:

The inherent filtration of an X-ray tube is a function of the:

The load that can be handled by an X-ray tube focal spot is governed by:

In certain cases, it may advantageous to pack lead shot around a specimen. The purpose for doing this is to:

A special radiographic method requiring two radiographs taken during separate exposures from two different positions to give the visual impression of a three-dimensional display when viewed in an optical device simultaneously is called:

The slope (steepness) of a characteristic curve is a measure of:

The factor equation is:

To compute the change in exposure that is required by a change in source-to-film distance, we would use the equation:

What is the one choice below that does not affect developer strength?

When other operating conditions are held constant, a change in tube current causes a change in radiation intensity emitted from an X-ray tube, the intensity being approximately proportional to tube current. What is the primary factor that prevents this from being exactly proportional?

A distinctive characteristic of high-voltage radiography is that:

When mixing the stop bath using glacial acetic acid, always:

The projected area of the target of an X-ray tube is called:

Source size, specimen thickness, and source-to-specimen distance are the three factors that determine the:

The earliest indications of radiation damage may be detected in the:

A large source size can be compensated for by __________________.

The quantity of radiation which will produce, by means of ionization, one electrostatic unit of electricity in 0.001293 g of dry air is known as: