PA/TOFD Data Interpretation Specific Exam

The beam steering capabilities of the phased array probe is best achieved by

Element width
Element size
Element gap
Total Aperture

Phased array beam forming is achieved by

Introduction of time shifts during pulse and reception of the individual elements
Constructive interference of the acoustic waves forming a wave front
Either a or b
a & b

Linear scanning of a phased array probe is governed by

Application of same focal laws multiplexed through many elements
Application of different focal laws to different elements
Requirement of more number of elements
All of the above

When it is said that the phased array equipment is 32/128 than what does it means?

Probe with only 32 elements can be connected
32 elements can activated simultaneously at a given time
128 can be activated simultaneously at a given time
All of the above

Phased array Module is designated as “PA 16/128” where 16/128 denotes

16 pulsers and a total of 128 Channels
128 pulsers and a total of 16 channel
16 pulse and a total of 128 elements
128 pulse and a total of 128 elements

TOFD technique is able to detect

Porosity
Misoriented crack
LOF
All of the above
a and c only

TOFD is scanning based on ….

Non amplitude
Dependent of weld configuration
High Signal to noise ratio
None of the above

TOFD is scanning based on ….

Amplitude
Independent of weld configuration
High Signal to noise ration
None of the above

Advantage of TOFD…..

Can’t characterize surface breaking defects
Excellent PoD for mid-wall defects
Not good detection of mis-oriented defects
None of the above

Limitation of TOFD…

Dead zone upto mid-wall
High signal to noise ratio
High sensitivity
Dead zone at top surface (OD)

Arrange the steps to a sensitivity calibration

i. Set section
ii. Set reference amplitude
iii. Set gate A on echo A
iv. Calibrate and accept
v. Set compensation gain
i, ii, iii, iv, v
ii, i, iii, v, iv
ii, iii, i, v, iv
ii, iii, I, iv, v

The wedge delay calibration is a process that

Identifies the bottom of the wedge
It establishes a zero position for the entry surface of the part for all the focal laws
Results in each focal laws displaying the same reflector position from the target used
All of the above

Phased array applications use a group of elements in firing a specific focal law. The dimension of the equivalent probe size in the focal law is considered

The total aperture
The active aperture
The passive aperture
None of the above

Short duration pulses from well damped transducers should significantly improve?

near surface resolution
far field penetration
near zone length
all the above

TOFD came to prominence as a result of the need to

Distinguish geometry from real defects
Improve detection of non-fusion
Characterise porosity
Improve flaw sizing

VPA stands for:

Virtue part aperture
Virtual part aperture
Virtual probe aperture
Virtue probe aperture

Sectorial scanning of a phased array probe is governed by

Application of different focal laws to the same group of elements
Application of same focal laws multiplexed through many elements
Requirement of more number of elements
All of the above

A acceptable sensitivity calibration

Will have 80% amplitude response for each focal laws
Will have amplitude response for each focal law of the entered reference amplitude
Will show the green trace between the tolerance lines
Both b & c

For a given linear phased array probe, what variable is available to the operator to limit its near field length?

Frequency
Number of elements used
Pulse duration of the pulser voltage
Voltage to the pulser

Which method is common used to determine the pattern of multi facet crack

Maximum amplitude
6 db drop
db drop 20
Tip diffraction

Which method gives the most precise results in sizing planar flaws

Maximum amplitude
6 db drop
20 db drop
Tip diffraction

Calculate how many pulses would be required to produce a sectorial scan covering 40º in 0.5º increments using averaging at 4 and collecting every 1mm over a distance of 100mm.

32000
8000
3200
None of the above

The person who is authorized to qualify the PA procedure as per ASME standard should

Hold UT level III only
Hold UT level III with PA level II.
Hold PA level II only
None of the above

The qualification block for PA for double access weld inspection based on fracture mechanics Acceptance criteria shall contain

Double Set (OD, ID, Embedded) notches in one set per each side of the weld
Single set (OD, ID, Embedded) notches in either sides of the weld
Single set (External, Embedded ) notches in either sided of the weld
None of the above

If the encoder has serious trouble shooting , what is the correct practices as per semi/automatic PA weld inspection as per most standards

Using time base scanning in instead of Encoder
Use manual scanning inspection
Repair or replace the encoder to resume inspection
All of the above

In terms of sensitivity/TCG calibration , what is the correct practices for 10 inch pipe girth weld PA inspection as per most standards

Provide piping calibration block as per applicable standard
Using flat block instead
Both A and B are correct
None of the above

In terms of SDH calibration for PA welded plate inspection

Hole used in sensitivity shall be smaller than those used in TCG calibration
Hole used in sensitivity shall be larger than those used in TCG calibration
Hole used in sensitivity shall be equal than those used in TCG calibration
It does not matter the difference between hole sizes in both calibration types

In order to PA inspect of stress relieved pipe weld , the calibration block

Shall receive the same heat treatment
Transfer correction shall be applied
A&B are correct
None of the above

Fracture mechanics based acceptance Based on

Amplitude Reference level
Gain compensation
Rectangular based method
None of the above

In general, which of the following modes of propagation would have the greatest penetrating power in a coarse-grained material if the frequency of the waves is the same?

Longitudinal
Shear
Transverse
All of the above wave modes would have the same penetrating power

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