I. Rope access
- Rope access is the professional use of ropes to do inspections, maintenance, and other types of work.
- The use of ropes in industrial settings was pioneered by explorers who first used ropes in caving and climbing, and has since been adapted for many different types of work.
- To gain access to inaccessible areas, rope access is commonly used along with various climbing techniques and—of course—safety equipment. It’s also used in challenging or dangerous environments like confined spaces, on work sites above water, or in limited spaces within buildings, allowing people to work at height safely and efficiently while avoiding obstacles.
II. PWHT
- Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) reduces the levels of residual stresses in a joint. It does not reduce these levels to zero, however, and, even in a very well controlled thermal cycle the levels of final residual stress are unlikely to be much below 30% of the material yield strength
